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Anticipatory bail is sought before arrest, when you fear arrest in a non-bailable offence, under Section 482 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), earlier Section 438 CrPC. Regular bail is sought after arrest, under Sections 480 and 483 of the BNSS (earlier Sections 437 and 439 CrPC).

In bailable offences, bail is a matter of right. In non-bailable offences, the court has discretion and considers the seriousness of the charge, the evidence, the accused's background, and the risk of flight or interference with witnesses.

If the police do not complete the investigation and file a chargesheet within the time allowed by law (60 or 90 days depending on the offence), the accused in custody may be entitled to default bail under Section 187 of the BNSS (earlier Section 167(2) CrPC), provided they are ready to furnish bail.

Do not ignore it. Speak to an advocate before you go, carry your identity proof and any relevant documents, and cooperate with the investigation. For offences punishable up to seven years, the police are generally expected to issue a notice of appearance instead of arresting straight away (Section 35 BNSS, earlier Section 41A CrPC).

In appropriate cases, yes. The High Court can quash an FIR or proceedings under Section 528 of the BNSS (earlier Section 482 CrPC), for example where the allegations do not disclose an offence, the dispute is essentially civil, the complaint is malicious, or the parties have settled a largely private dispute. Each case depends on its own facts.

Under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, the payee must send a demand notice within 30 days of learning of the dishonour. The drawer has 15 days from receiving the notice to pay. If not paid, a complaint must be filed within one month after that. The punishment can be imprisonment up to two years, a fine up to twice the cheque amount, or both.

Offences earlier under Section 498A IPC now fall under Sections 85 and 86 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita. The Supreme Court has cautioned against automatic arrests in such cases (Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar, 2014). Contact an advocate immediately to consider anticipatory bail, cooperation with the investigation and, where appropriate, a petition to quash or contest the case.

Under the Limitation Act, 1963, most suits for recovery of money must be filed within three years from the date the amount became due, while suits to recover possession of immovable property generally have a longer period. The exact limit depends on the type of claim, so get advice early.

A summary suit under Order 37 of the Code of Civil Procedure is a faster route for recovering money based on written contracts, cheques, bills of exchange and similar documents. The defendant cannot simply file a written statement and must first obtain the court's leave to defend.

Yes, under the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005, daughters have the same coparcenary rights as sons by birth. The Supreme Court confirmed this in Vineeta Sharma v. Rakesh Sharma (2020), holding that the right does not depend on whether the father was alive on 9 September 2005.

Bring your identity proof and any FIR, police notice, summons, chargesheet or court order. For civil matters, bring agreements, property papers, cheques and return memos, bank statements, legal notices and relevant messages or emails. Do not worry if something is missing; we will tell you what is needed for your case.